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🗣 Wd提问: yii2 restful

🤖 Ai回答:
In Yii2, creating a RESTful API is a straightforward process、Yii2 provides built-in support for building RESTful APIs with features such as automatic serialization of data, filtering, pagination, and more.

Below is an overview of how to create a RESTful API in Yii2:

1、Set Up the Project

If you haven't already set up a Yii2 project, you can do so by following these steps:

bash
composer create-project prefer-dist yiisoft/yii2-app-basic your-project-name

Once the project is set up, navigate into the project directory:

bash
cd your-project-name

2、Configure URL Manager for RESTful Routes

To enable RESTful routing, configure the `urlManager` component in your application configuration file (`config/web.php`).

Add the following configuration under the `components` section:

php
'urlManager' = [
'enablePrettyUrl' = true,
'showScriptName' = false,
'rules' = [
['class' = 'yii\rest\UrlRule', 'controller' = ['v1/resource']], // Replace 'v1/resource' with your controller name.
],
],

Here:
`'v1/resource'` refers to the versioned API (e.g., `v1`) and the resource (e.g., `resource`).
You can add multiple controllers by separating them with commas.

3、Create the Controller

Create a new controller that extends `yii\rest\ActiveController`、This controller will handle the CRUD operations for your model.

For example, let's assume you have a `Post` model, and you want to expose it via a RESTful API.

Create the Model

Ensure you have a database table named `post` and generate the model using Gii or manually:

bash
php yii gii/model tableName=post modelClass=Post

This will generate a `Post` model in the `models` directory.

Create the Controller

Now, create a new controller in the `controllers/v1` directory (or wherever you prefer):

php
namespace app\controllers\v1;

use yii\rest\ActiveController;

class PostController extends ActiveController
{
public $modelClass = 'app\models\Post';
}

Here:
The `PostController` class extends `ActiveController`.
`$modelClass` specifies the model associated with this controller.

4、Define Actions

By default, `ActiveController` provides the following actions:

`GET /posts`: List all posts.
`GET /posts/{id}`: Retrieve a single post by its ID.
`POST /posts`: Create a new post.
`PUT /posts/{id}`: Update an existing post.
`DELETE /posts/{id}`: Delete a post.

You don't need to define these actions explicitly unless you want to customize them.

5、Enable Serialization

Yii2 automatically serializes data into JSON format when using RESTful controllers、If you want to customize the response format, you can modify the `serializer` component in the configuration file:

php
'response' = [
'format' = \yii\web\Response::FORMAT_JSON,
'on beforeSend' = function ($event) {
$response = $event-sender;
if ($response-data !== null) {
$response-data = [
'success' = true,
'data' = $response-data,
];
$response-statusCode = 200;
}
},
],

This ensures that every response includes a `success` key and wraps the data in a `data` key.

6、Pagination and Filtering

By default, Yii2 supports pagination and filtering for RESTful APIs.

Pagination

You can paginate results by adding query parameters like `page` and `per-page`:

GET /posts?page=2&per-page=10

Filtering

You can filter results by adding query parameters corresponding to your model attributes:

GET /posts?title=some-title

7、Authentication (Optional)

If your API requires authentication, you can implement token-based authentication or HTTP Basic Auth.

Token-Based Authentication

Add the following code to your controller:

php
public function behaviors()
{
$behaviors = parent::behaviors();

$behaviors['authenticator'] = [
'class' = \yii\filters\auth\HttpBearerAuth::class,
];

return $behaviors;
}

Make sure you have a user model with proper authentication methods implemented.

8、Testing the API

You can test your RESTful API using tools like [Postman](https://www.postman.com/) or [cURL](https://curl.se/).

For example, to list all posts:

bash
curl -X GET http://your-domain.com/v1/posts

To create a new post:

bash
curl -X POST -H Content-Type: application/json -d '{title:New Post,content:Some content}' http://your-domain.com/v1/posts

9、Customizing Responses

If you need to customize the response format, you can override the `serializeData()` method in your controller:

php
protected function serializeData($data)
{
return [
'customKey' = $data,
];
}

Conclusion

With Yii2, creating a RESTful API is simple and efficient、By leveraging the built-in `ActiveController`, you can quickly expose your models as resources with minimal effort、Additionally, Yii2 provides robust support for pagination, filtering, and authentication, making it suitable for building scalable APIs.

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